Glossary · GST and compliance (India)

CGST, SGST and IGST: what is the difference?

CGST (central) and SGST (state) are the two halves of GST charged on a sale within one state, split equally; IGST (integrated) is the single tax charged instead when the supplier and the place of supply are in different states. The total is the same either way — what changes is who collects it. In a union territory without a legislature, UTGST takes the place of SGST.

Also called CGST, SGST, IGST, UTGST, Intra-state and inter-state GST · GST and compliance (India) · Last reviewed 25 September 2026 · General information, not legal or tax advice

Place of supply decides

The IGST Act calls a supply inter-state when the supplier's location and the place of supply are in different states, and intra-state when they are in the same one (sections 7 and 8). CGST is levied on intra-state supplies (CGST Act, section 9) alongside the state's SGST; IGST on inter-state ones (IGST Act, section 5). So the question is always: where is the place of supply?

  • Hotel rooms — the place of supply of lodging accommodation by a hotel, inn, guest house, home stay, club or campsite is where the property is (IGST Act, section 12(3)(b)). A room is therefore intra-state — CGST + SGST — even when the guest's company is registered in another state.
  • Restaurant and catering services — the place where the service is actually performed (section 12(4)).
  • Most other services to a registered business — the recipient's location (section 12(2)(a)), so a service billed to a company in another state is IGST.

Alcoholic liquor for human consumption is outside GST altogether: both the CGST and the IGST levy exclude it.

Example

A ₹10,000 supply taxed at 18%, billed within the state: ₹900 CGST + ₹900 SGST. The same supply billed to a business in another state under the general rule: ₹1,800 IGST. The customer pays ₹11,800 either way.

How Nivasik handles it

  • One tax rule for the whole product: the bill, the reports, the day-end report and the GSTR-1 and Tally exports all read the same calculation.
  • Place of supply for food and counter goods is the counter's state; IGST is charged only for general-rule services to a GSTIN in another state.
  • GST invoices show CGST, SGST and IGST separately, summarised by code and rate.

Sources

  1. Integrated Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017 — sections 5, 7, 8 and 12 — GST Council — checked 25 September 2026
  2. Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017 — section 9 — CBIC — checked 25 September 2026

General information, last reviewed on 25 September 2026. It is not legal or tax advice: rules change by notification, so check the source, or ask your accountant or lawyer, before you rely on it.

Questions people ask

Why does a hotel charge CGST and SGST to a company from another state?

Because the place of supply for a hotel room is where the hotel is (IGST Act, section 12(3)(b)), so the supply is intra-state even when the guest's company is registered elsewhere.

Is IGST more expensive than CGST plus SGST?

No. At the same rate the total is the same; only the split, and which government collects it, changes.

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